45 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
45 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
## Troubleshooting Hardware
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### RAM
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1. **Symptoms**: Frequent crashes, Blue Screen of Death (Windows), or kernel panics (macOS/Linux).
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2. **Steps**:
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- Turn off the computer and unplug it.
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- Open the case and reseat the RAM modules.
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- Try booting with one RAM stick at a time to isolate faulty modules.
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- Use software like MemTest86 to test RAM.
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### CPU
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1. **Symptoms**: Overheating, system instability, or failure to boot.
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2. **Steps**:
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- Check the CPU temperature using BIOS or software like HWMonitor.
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- Ensure the CPU fan is working and reapply thermal paste if needed.
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- Check for bent pins or damaged components.
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### Motherboard (MB)
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1. **Symptoms**: Failure to boot, no power, or irregular behavior.
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2. **Steps**:
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- Inspect for physical damage like burnt areas or bent pins.
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- Check all connections and reseat components.
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- Test with minimal hardware to isolate issues.
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### Power Supply Unit (PSU)
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1. **Symptoms**: No power, random shutdowns, or system instability.
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2. **Steps**:
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- Use a PSU tester or multimeter to check voltage levels.
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- Inspect for physical damage or burnt smell.
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- Replace if faulty.
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## Troubleshooting Network
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### OSI Model
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Use the OSI model as a framework for troubleshooting network issues. Start from the bottom layer and work your way up.
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1. **Physical Layer**: Check cables, switches, and other hardware.
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2. **Data Link Layer**: Verify MAC addresses and ensure devices can communicate within the same local network.
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3. **Network Layer**: Check IP addresses, subnet masks, and routers.
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4. **Transport Layer**: Verify that TCP or UDP ports are open and listening.
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5. **Session Layer**: Ensure that sessions can be established and maintained.
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6. **Presentation Layer**: Check for data format or encryption issues.
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7. **Application Layer**: Verify that the application is functioning as expected, check for updates or patches.
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