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# ICT Basic
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## Components of a Computer
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1. **CPU**: Central Processing Unit - The "brain" of the computer that performs calculations and logic operations.
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2. **RAM**: Random Access Memory - Temporary data storage that is faster to read and write compared to hard drives.
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3. **Hard Drive**: Long-term data storage, can be HDD or SSD.
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4. **Motherboard**: The main circuit board connecting all components.
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5. **Power Supply**: Converts electrical power to a format suitable for the computer.
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6. **GPU**: Graphics Processing Unit - Handles rendering images and videos.
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7. **Input Devices**: Devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners for user input.
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8. **Output Devices**: Devices like monitors, printers, and speakers for displaying output.
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9. **Cooling System**: Fans or liquid cooling to maintain optimal temperature.
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10. **Case**: Houses and protects the components.
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## Input and Output Devices
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### Input Devices
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Input devices provide data and control signals to a computer. Examples include keyboards, mice, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
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#### Types of Input Devices
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- **Keyboards**: Text input
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- **Mouse/Touchpad/Trackpoint**: Pointer navigation
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- **Scanners**: Image input
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- **Webcam/Cameras**: Video input
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- **Microphone**: Audio input
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- **Joystick**: Game control
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### Output Devices
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Output devices display or output data from a computer. Examples include monitors, printers, and speakers.
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#### Types of Output Devices
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- **Monitor**: Visual display
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- **Speakers/Headphones**: Audio output
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- **Printers**: Printed output
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## Storage
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### Units of Storage and Speed
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- Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte
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- RPM, Read/Write Speed
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### Types of Storage
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- **Magnetic Storage**: HDD
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- **Optical**: CD, DVD
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- **Solid State**: SSD
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## Machine Language
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- **Binary**: The basic language of computers, consisting of 0s and 1s.
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## Networking
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### Explain Protocols
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- Rules governing data transfer
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#### Types of Protocols
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- **TCP**: Reliable data transfer
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- **UDP**: Faster but less reliable
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- **MAC Address**: Hardware identification
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- **IP/DNS**: Internet addressing
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- **Network Ports**: Data pathways
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- **Subnetting**: Network segmentation
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- **Firewall Usage**: Security measure
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- **Other Protocols**: HTTP, FTP, SSH, TELNET
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- **OSI Model**: 7-layer model for networking
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- **VPNs**: Virtual Private Networks for secure communication
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## Operating System
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- **BIOS**: Basic Input/Output System, the firmware for initializing hardware.
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- **File System**: Manages how files are stored and retrieved.
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- **Kernel**: Core part of OS, manages system resources.
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- **Drivers**: Software to interface with hardware.
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- **Examples of Operating Systems**: Windows, macOS, Linux
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## Troubleshooting
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Read more on [troubleshoot.md](troubleshoot.md)
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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
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# ICT Basic
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## Components of a Computer
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1. **CPU**: Central Processing Unit - The "brain" of the computer that performs calculations and logic operations.
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2. **RAM**: Random Access Memory - Temporary data storage that is faster to read and write compared to hard drives.
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3. **Hard Drive**: Long-term data storage, can be HDD or SSD.
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4. **Motherboard**: The main circuit board connecting all components.
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5. **Power Supply**: Converts electrical power to a format suitable for the computer.
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6. **GPU**: Graphics Processing Unit - Handles rendering images and videos.
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7. **Input Devices**: Devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners for user input.
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8. **Output Devices**: Devices like monitors, printers, and speakers for displaying output.
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9. **Cooling System**: Fans or liquid cooling to maintain optimal temperature.
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10. **Case**: Houses and protects the components.
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