updated

syllabus/1.md

@@ -2,77 +2,81 @@
 
 ## Components of a Computer
 
-1. **CPU**: Central Processing Unit - The "brain" of the computer.
+1. **CPU**: Central Processing Unit - The "brain" of the computer that performs calculations and logic operations.
-2. **RAM**: Random Access Memory - For temporary data storage.
+2. **RAM**: Random Access Memory - Temporary data storage that is faster to read and write compared to hard drives.
-3. **Hard Drive**: Long-term data storage.
+3. **Hard Drive**: Long-term data storage, can be HDD or SSD.
-4. **Motherboard**: Connects all components.
+4. **Motherboard**: The main circuit board connecting all components.
-5. **Power Supply**: Provides electrical power.
+5. **Power Supply**: Converts electrical power to a format suitable for the computer.
-6. **GPU**: Graphics Processing Unit - Handles visuals.
+6. **GPU**: Graphics Processing Unit - Handles rendering images and videos.
-7. **Input Devices**: Such as keyboard, mouse, etc.
+7. **Input Devices**: Devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners for user input.
-8. **Output Devices**: Such as monitor, printer, etc.
+8. **Output Devices**: Devices like monitors, printers, and speakers for displaying output.
-9. **Cooling System**: Fans or liquid cooling.
+9. **Cooling System**: Fans or liquid cooling to maintain optimal temperature.
-10. **Case**: Encloses the components.
+10. **Case**: Houses and protects the components.
 
-# Input and Output devices
+## Input and Output Devices
-## Input devices
-In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system, such as a computer or information appliance.Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
 
-### Types of input devices
+### Input Devices
-#### Keyboards
+Input devices provide data and control signals to a computer. Examples include keyboards, mice, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
-#### Mouse/Touchpad/Track point
-#### Scanners
-#### Webcam/Cameras
-#### Microphone
-#### Joystick
 
-## Output devices
+#### Types of Input Devices
-Output devices in computing are hardware components that display or output data and information from a computer to the user or another system. Examples include monitors, printers, and speakers.
+- **Keyboards**: Text input
+- **Mouse/Touchpad/Trackpoint**: Pointer navigation
+- **Scanners**: Image input
+- **Webcam/Cameras**: Video input
+- **Microphone**: Audio input
+- **Joystick**: Game control
 
-### Types of output devices
+### Output Devices
-#### Monitor
+Output devices display or output data from a computer. Examples include monitors, printers, and speakers.
-#### Speakers/Headphones
-#### Printers
 
+#### Types of Output Devices
+- **Monitor**: Visual display
+- **Speakers/Headphones**: Audio output
+- **Printers**: Printed output
 
-# Storage
+## Storage
-## Units of storage
- - and speed
 
-## Type of storage
+### Units of Storage and Speed
- - Magnetic Storage
+- Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte
- - Optical
+- RPM, Read/Write Speed
- - Solid State
 
-# MAchine language
+### Types of Storage
- - Binary
+- **Magnetic Storage**: HDD
+- **Optical**: CD, DVD
+- **Solid State**: SSD
 
-# networking explain
+## Machine Language
- - Explain Protocols
+- **Binary**: The basic language of computers, consisting of 0s and 1s.
- - TCP
- - UDP
- - MAC Address
- - IP/DNS
- - Network ports
- - Subnetting
- - firewall usage
- - other protocols ( HTTP, FTP, SSH, TELNET)
- - OSI Model
- - VPNs
 
-# Operating System
+## Networking
- - BIOS
- - File system
- - Kernel
- - Drivers
- - explamples of operating systems
 
+### Explain Protocols
+- Rules governing data transfer
 
-# Troubleshooting Hardware
+#### Types of Protocols
- - RAM
+- **TCP**: Reliable data transfer
- - CPU
+- **UDP**: Faster but less reliable
- - MB
+- **MAC Address**: Hardware identification
- - PSU
+- **IP/DNS**: Internet addressing
+- **Network Ports**: Data pathways
+- **Subnetting**: Network segmentation
+- **Firewall Usage**: Security measure
+- **Other Protocols**: HTTP, FTP, SSH, TELNET
+- **OSI Model**: 7-layer model for networking
+- **VPNs**: Virtual Private Networks for secure communication
 
-# Troubleshooting Network
+## Operating System
- - OSI Model
+- **BIOS**: Basic Input/Output System, the firmware for initializing hardware.
+- **File System**: Manages how files are stored and retrieved.
+- **Kernel**: Core part of OS, manages system resources.
+- **Drivers**: Software to interface with hardware.
+- **Examples of Operating Systems**: Windows, macOS, Linux
 
+## Troubleshooting Hardware
+- **RAM**: Check for faulty memory modules.
+- **CPU**: Overheating or malfunction.
+- **MB**: Motherboard issues.
+- **PSU**: Power supply unit failures.
+
+## Troubleshooting Network
+- **OSI Model**: Use it as a framework for troubleshooting.